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buffers

Articles tagged buffers. Tags group methods across clusters so a technique can be found from more than one route.

All topicsBuffers and laboratory water26Cell culture26Chromatography26Cold chain and sample storage26Cytometry and microscopy26DNA sequencing26Gels and blotting26Gene expression26Genome editing26Immunoassays26Laboratory labware26Laboratory safety26Liquid handling26Microbiology26Molecular cloning26Nucleic acid purification26PCR and amplification26Protein biochemistry26Proteomics26Research sourcing and study design26
cold chainbiosafetycrisprspecificationsequencingproteomicsenquiryglossarytroubleshootingcloningmicrobiologybuffersfreezerspipettingcalibrationelisacell cultureglassware

13 articles

Wall-mounted water purification unit dispensing ultrapure water into a glass flask

buffers and water

A glossary of solution terms

Decide which number a recipe means before you weigh a salt: molarity or molality, which percent, normality, buffer capacity, osmolality, or hydrogen-ion activity.

8 October 2026 · 9 min read

Gloved hands aspirating pink culture medium from a cell culture flask inside a laminar flow hood

buffers and water

Acids bases and the fume hood

Dilute a concentrated acid or base for buffer work inside a fume hood, and keep that chemistry out of the laminar-flow hood shown with culture medium.

8 October 2026 · 9 min read

pH electrode in a beaker of buffer while a gloved hand adds drops from a dropper bottle

buffers and water

Autoclaving a buffer can shift pH

Autoclave a buffer only when the composition allows it, then recheck pH at the recipe temperature, because Tris, sugars, and bicarbonate do not come back unchanged.

8 October 2026 · 9 min read

pH electrode in a beaker of buffer while a gloved hand adds drops from a dropper bottle

chromatography

Buffers that crash out on a column

Spot mobile phases that precipitate on a column: phosphate with organic solvent, high salt, cold beds, and why you filter.

8 October 2026 · 7 min read

pH electrode in a beaker of buffer while a gloved hand adds drops from a dropper bottle

buffers and water

CO2 and why pH drifts in a carboy

When carboy pH falls overnight, follow dissolved carbon dioxide and buffer capacity first, then decide whether the electrode is the failed control.

8 October 2026 · 8 min read

pH electrode in a beaker of buffer while a gloved hand adds drops from a dropper bottle

buffers and water

Documenting a buffer recipe with the salt form

Define every term a buffer record needs: salt form, hydrate, formula weight, pH, temperature, water grade, order of addition, and how the solution was sterilised.

8 October 2026 · 9 min read

pH electrode in a beaker of buffer while a gloved hand adds drops from a dropper bottle

buffers and water

Filter sterilising a buffer

Explain what a 0.22 micrometre filter removes from a buffer, which membrane polymer fits the solution, and why a bubble-point value belongs to one device.

8 October 2026 · 8 min read

pH electrode in a beaker of buffer while a gloved hand adds drops from a dropper bottle

buffers and water

Ionic strength is not the same as pH

During a hybridisation wash, compute ionic strength from the ions you added. A matched pH can still hide a salt change that moves stringency.

8 October 2026 · 7 min read

Wall-mounted water purification unit dispensing ultrapure water into a glass flask

Pillar · buffers and water

Laboratory water types and where they fail

Resistivity, organic carbon and endotoxin answer different questions. A water grade fails when the assay cares about a contaminant the meter cannot see.

8 October 2026 · 11 min read

pH electrode in a beaker of buffer while a gloved hand adds drops from a dropper bottle

buffers and water

Phosphate buffers and metal ions

Choose phosphate or PBS only after you name the divalent metals in the mixture. Phosphate precipitates with calcium and is a saline, not every enzyme buffer.

8 October 2026 · 8 min read

pH electrode in a beaker of buffer while a gloved hand adds drops from a dropper bottle

buffers and water

Preparing a buffer and checking pH

Prepare a buffer at a stated pH and temperature, record the salt form, and treat a drifting electrode or a bad slope as a failed control.

8 October 2026 · 11 min read

Gloved hands pouring acrylamide solution between glass plates in a gel casting stand

protein biochemistry

Protease inhibitors and when they interfere

Protease inhibitor classes stop different enzymes. EDTA, PMSF, AEBSF, pepstatin and leupeptin can also block the activity or the resin you wanted.

8 October 2026 · 6 min read