Knowledge centre

Methods a laboratory can check.

Guides, method explainers and sourcing notes for research laboratories. Written by the EVRINTH Editorial Team from published methods, with catalogue links for enquiry rather than stock claims.

cold chain biosafety crispr specification sequencing proteomics enquiry glossary troubleshooting cloning microbiology buffers freezers pipetting calibration elisa cell culture glassware

520 articles

Benchtop sequencing instrument with a teal status light and a flow cell cartridge in a genomics lab

dna sequencing

GC bias and coverage holes

Extreme GC can look like a deletion. How polymerase and fragmentation leave coverage holes, and how a GC plot differs from a copy-number call.

8 October 2026 · 7 min read

Agarose gel with glowing DNA bands on a UV transilluminator under an orange safety shield

gels and blotting

Gel documentation without overexposing bands

Save a gel image you can interpret: keep the ladder visible, avoid saturation, and do not let an overexposed no-template lane become a false positive.

8 October 2026 · 8 min read

gels and blotting

Gel extraction of a DNA band

Compare a cut DNA band with a column cleanup: UV damage, carryover that blocks ligation, lower yield, and when not to slice.

8 October 2026 · 7 min read

Gloved hands packing sample tubes in dry ice inside an insulated shipping box

cold chain

Gel packs versus dry ice for a short trip

A short trip still needs the coolant the label names. Gel packs hold the setpoint they were conditioned to. Dry ice is a much colder window.

8 October 2026 · 9 min read

Glass beakers and graduated cylinders holding blue and clear liquids on a dark lab bench

labware

Glass bottles caps and autoclave cycles

How to specify a glass bottle and cap for steam sterilisation, including thread, headspace, loosened caps, and thermal shock.

8 October 2026 · 7 min read

Safety goggles, lab coat, nitrile gloves and a face shield on a bench with an eyewash station behind

laboratory safety

Gloves are not a substitute for handwashing

Dirty gloves, a rash at the cuff, and solvent wetting the skin are symptoms to reason about. Handwashing still belongs after the gloves come off.

8 October 2026 · 9 min read

Gloved hand pipetting into a tube near a cold block and agar plates with colonies, gel image on a monitor

molecular cloning

Glycerol stocks and plasmid backups

A glycerol freezer stock and a plasmid DNA tube fail in different ways. Use both when a thaw, a contaminated culture, or a mutant colony is the risk.

8 October 2026 · 8 min read

Gloved hands pouring acrylamide solution between glass plates in a gel casting stand

protein biochemistry

Glycerol stocks of an expression clone

How a clonal glycerol stock fails: thawing the master, satellite colonies, and trusting an antibiotic plate instead of a sequence.

8 October 2026 · 8 min read

Erlenmeyer flasks of amber bacterial culture clamped on an orbital shaker platform

microbiology

Glycerol stocks that actually recover

How to freeze a verified E. coli clone in glycerol and revive it from the ice so the recovered colony is the one you archived.

8 October 2026 · 7 min read

molecular cloning

Golden Gate and type IIS concepts

How type IIS enzymes such as BsaI or BbsI cut outside their site so designed overhangs assemble and the site is lost, compared with ligation and Gibson.

8 October 2026 · 8 min read

pH electrode in a beaker of buffer while a gloved hand adds drops from a dropper bottle

buffers and water

Good's buffers and why the name is not a method

Good's buffers are a design family, not a procedure. Separate HEPES, MES, MOPS, and PIPES from metal binding, light reactions, and the pH you still measure.

8 October 2026 · 8 min read

Gloved hand placing a vial into the autosampler of a modular HPLC system with solvent bottles on top

chromatography

Gradients versus isocratic runs

Choose an isocratic hold or a solvent gradient from the resolution you need, then budget dwell volume and column equilibration.

8 October 2026 · 7 min read