protein biochemistry
Documenting a purification so it can be repeated
Which buffer pH, resin lot, gradient, gel, yield assay and tube location another person needs before a purification can be repeated.
8 October 2026 · 7 min read
Knowledge centre
Methods a laboratory can check.
Guides, method explainers and sourcing notes for research laboratories. Written by the EVRINTH Editorial Team from published methods, with catalogue links for enquiry rather than stock claims.
All topicsBuffers and laboratory water26Cell culture26Chromatography26Cold chain and sample storage26Cytometry and microscopy26DNA sequencing26Gels and blotting26Gene expression26Genome editing26Immunoassays26Laboratory labware26Laboratory safety26Liquid handling26Microbiology26Molecular cloning26Nucleic acid purification26PCR and amplification26Protein biochemistry26Proteomics26Research sourcing and study design26
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520 articles
genome editing
Donor templates for a knock-in
ssODN, linear dsDNA and plasmid donors carry different knock-ins. Homology-arm figures here are planning ranges to take back to the method paper.
8 October 2026 · 9 min read
cytometry and microscopy
Doublets and why they look like rare events
How pulse width and area versus height reveal doublets, and why a coincident pair can inflate a rare double-positive count.
8 October 2026 · 7 min read
cold chain
Dry ice is cold carbon dioxide not a magic gel
Dry ice is solid carbon dioxide that sublimes near minus 78.5 °C. It is not a gel pack, and it does not cool by melting into a liquid.
8 October 2026 · 9 min read
cold chain
Dry ice packing for sample shipments
Dry ice keeps non-infectious research samples cold and can burn skin or displace air. Carrier rules and infectious-substance law still govern shipping.
8 October 2026 · 11 min read
immunoassays
Edge effects on a microplate
Outer wells lose volume and drift in temperature compared with the centre. Compare seals, humidity and layout before you treat an edge well as biology.
8 October 2026 · 11 min read
genome editing
Editing in bacteria versus mammalian cells
Bacterial editing usually needs homology and counterselection because end joining is rare. Mammalian cells mostly repair cuts by end joining, and HDR is cell-cycle limited.
8 October 2026 · 8 min read
genome editing
Editing pools versus single-cell clones
A pool is a mixture of genotypes. A single-cell clone can support one genome claim. Choose by whether the phenotype and the cells survive cloning.
8 October 2026 · 10 min read
Pillar · immunoassays
ELISA formats controls and readout
ELISA formats, controls and readout: how direct, sandwich and competitive assays turn a binding event into a number that stays inside the curve.
8 October 2026 · 8 min read
cell culture
Endotoxin and primary immune cells
Why lipopolysaccharide can activate primary monocytes or macrophages that an epithelial line ignores, and which reagent classes to suspect first.
8 October 2026 · 7 min read
protein biochemistry
Endotoxin is a separate question from purity
Why a clean SDS-PAGE lane leaves endotoxin unmeasured, when an LAL-class assay is the right extra question, and why removal is its own process.
8 October 2026 · 7 min read
pcr amplification
Endpoint PCR compared with qPCR
Trace the failure when endpoint band brightness is treated as a quantity, or a qPCR Cq is used with no standard and no reference-gene plan.
8 October 2026 · 8 min read